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Researchers have confirmed that smoking cannabis can impair driving ability - but not as much as drinking alcohol.
The Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) in Crowthorne, Berkshire was asked by the government to investigate the effect of cannabis intoxication on driving ability.
Cannabis is by far the most common illegal drug found in the bloodstream of road accident victims.
The active ingredient, THC, can remain in the body for more than a month.
New Scientist magazine reports that the TRL team recruited 15 volunteers to complete tests on a sophisticated driving simulator while under the influence of low or high doses of cannabis.
The volunteers either smoked ready-rolled cannabis joints or rolled their own with resin supplied under government licence.
The researchers measured the volunteer's accuracy at steering the car, response to hazards and braking times.
They also took blood and saliva samples at regular intervals and also tested the subjects' coordination, balance and timing.
Slow driving
The most obvious effect of the cannabis was that the volunteers drove more slowly, trying to compensate for intoxication by being more cautious.
The volunteers also found it difficult to follow a figure-of-eight loop of road when given a high dose of cannabis.
However, reaction times to motorway hazards were not significantly affected.
Trials previously completed under similar test conditions at the TRL have shown that alcohol and tiredness have a more adverse effect on driving ability.
The results of the cannabis and driving study agree with similar research carried out in Australia, the US and Holland.
Pete Henshall of the Legalise Cannabis Alliance, which is a British political party, said: "Any person who is not in full control of their body should not drive, be it through tiredness, alcohol, cannabis or drugs.
"But everything must be seen in proportion. We need to legalise and regulate cannabis in a similar way to alcohol to be able to see the size of the problem."
Jane Eason, of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, supported trials currently underway of roadside tests for cannabis intoxication.
She said: "We would welcome any measure that might make the roads of Britain safer."
A spokesman for the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, which commissioned the research, refused to comment until the report is officially published.
wordspeak2 wrote:she was also interested to hear the total number of recorded deaths in history from this plant: 0.
In summary, enormous doses of Delta 9 THC, All THC and concentrated marihuana extract ingested by mouth were unable to produce death or organ pathology in large mammals but did produce fatalities in smaller rodents due to profound central nervous system depression.
The non-fatal consumption of 3000 mg/kg A THC by the dog and monkey would be comparable to a 154-pound human eating approximately 46 pounds (21 kilograms) of 1%-marihuana or 10 pounds of 5% hashish at one time. In addition, 92 mg/kg THC intravenously produced no fatalities in monkeys. These doses would be comparable to a 154-pound human smoking at one time almost three pounds (1.28 kg) of 1%-marihuana or 250,000 times the usual smoked dose and over a million times the minimal effective dose assuming 50% destruction of the THC by smoking.
Thus, evidence from animal studies and human case reports appears to indicate that the ratio of lethal dose to effective dose is quite large. This ratio is much more favorable than that of many other common psychoactive agents including alcohol and barbiturates (Phillips et al. 1971, Brill et al. 1970).
There has never been a documented human fatality from overdosing on tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabis in its natural form, [22] though the synthetic THC pill Marinol was cited by the FDA as being responsible for 4 of the 11,687 deaths from 17 different FDA approved drugs between January 1, 1997 to June 30, 2005.[23] Information about THC's toxicity is primarily based on results from animal studies. The toxicity depends on the route of administration and the laboratory animal. Absorption is limited by serum lipids, which can become saturated with THC, mitigating toxicity.[24] According to the Merck Index, 12th edition, THC has an LD50 (dose killing half of the research subjects) value of 1270 mg/kg (male rats) and 730 mg/kg (female rats) administered orally dissolved in sesame oil.[25] The LD50 value for rats by inhalation of THC is 42 mg/kg of body weight.[25]
Douglass Rushkoff wrote:"For a white kid getting stoned means seeing the world as the Native Americans did. The Earth isn't just something you pave over for cars to move faster. Animals aren't made of 'meat.' And the guy who mops up for you in the high school cafeteria wasn't born a janitor. You live in the same world he does. The longer you're unable to see it, the uglier it's going to be for you when you do. Dig?"
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