The Mankind Quarterly
The
Mankind Quarterly, dedicated to 'race-science' and 'racial history', was established in 1960 by Professor R. Gayre of Edinburgh who believed that 'racial fundamentals' were 'all important' in human affairs. He maintained that scientific evidence proved blacks 'prefer their leisure to the dynamism which the white and yellow races show'.(25) Gayre's work owed a heavy debt to that of Hans F. K. Günther, a major Nazi race theorist. Indeed, Gayre's first important work, Teutotn and Slav, argued for improving the 'racial homogeneity' and 'Nordic' purity of the German nation.(26) Among the founders, early editors, advisory board members and contributors to the /20/
Mankind Quarterly one finds people who have supported apartheid and neo-Nazism, such as Donald Swan, Robert Kuttner [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bibliography/kuttner.htm] and the South African, J. Hofmeyer.
In the late 1970s, control of the
Mankind Quarterly - was transferred to Roger Pearson [link :http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/pearbib.htm] in Washington D.C. who came to the United States from Britain in the mid-1960s to work with Willis Carto, America's leading publisher of antisemitic literature. He became editor of Western Destiny, a neo-Nazi magazine, whose staff included Arthur Ehrhardt, former Waffen-SS officer and founder of the post-war Nation Europa; A. K. Chesterton, pre-war editor of Blackshirt (published by the British Union of Fascists); Fabrice Laroche, the pseudonym for Alain de Benoist, editor of Nouvelle Ecole; and Henry Garrett, Chairman of the Department of Psychology at Columbia University and champion of racial segregation in US schools [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/cattell/garrett.htm]. Pearson himself founded the Northern League in 1958 which brought together Nazi and neo-Nazi intellectuals from Europe to further the cause of post-war fascism. He has argued for a eugenic use of modern biological technology to produce 'a new super-generation'. The first nation to adopt this 'would eventually dominate the rest of the world'.(27)
Richard Lynn, [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/cattell/lynn.htm] Professor of Psychology at the University of Ulster and the leading proponent of the oriental superiority theory, has been associate editor of
Mankind Quarterly for over fifteen years.(28) In 1987, he invited Rushton to contribute an article which elaborated on the political and social consequences of his biological determinism.(29) In that article, Rushton found the causes of 'ethnic conflict and rivalry' to be rooted in the genetic differences between groups, and warned that the white majority in the United States and the Soviet Union was 'unlikely to maintain their position' as the dominant group' given the differential birth rate' between the white and non-white populations.(30)
This raised a problem which Rushton recognized as a paradox in his own theory. If we are all out to advance our own genes, why have whites adopted ideologies which 'discourage nationalist and religious beliefs' reflecting their interest in outbreeding blacks and Hispanics? 'Why are European populations throughout the world currently experiencing negative growth while allowing extensive immigration from genetically less similar gene pools? Clearly ideologies can arise which have the paradoxical effect of dramatically decreasing fitness.(31) Rushton speculated that this is the key to why civilizations decay. The ruling group, either a class or race, fails to reproduce itself, How to solve the 'fertility paradox' will 'herald a quantum jump in understanding the nature of gene-culture coevolution.'(32)
The implications of this new biological determinism (spelt out in detail by Raymond B. Cattell) [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/cattell/] are that nations should recognize themselves as biological entities.(33) Immigration should be discouraged and the genetically superior stocks should be encouraged to have large families."(34) People are poor largely because they are unintelligent, according to Cattell, and progressive taxation is thus unethical because it is dysgenic - i.e. it helps the poor to reproduce. This apocalyptic vision demands that society recognize /21/ that extinction of the unfit is the only path to progress, since ignoring the laws of nature will destroy civilization.
The Pioneer FundBehind this resurgent fascism stands the Pioneer Fund. Established in 1937 by textile machinery millionaire, Wickcliffe Draper, the Pioneer Fund has a long connection with Nazi and neo-Nazi race theories, and for many years has been funding a small, tightly knit group of people who cite each other's work, review each other's books and acknowledge each other in their books. When scandal emerges, these people invariably deny knowing anything of the Pioneer fund's nefarious history, even though many scandals have broken into national prominence and articles about the fund have appeared for over three decades.
The Pioneer Fund was incorporated in 1937 by two American scientists: Harry Laughlin, who received an honorary doctorate from Heidelberg University in 1936 in honor of his contribution to Nazi eugenics, and Frederick Osborn, who wrote in 1937 that the Nazi sterilization law was 'the most exciting experiment that had ever been tried'.(35)
The fund had two purposes. The first, modeled on the Nazi breeding program, was aimed at encouraging the propagation of those 'descended predominantly from white persons who settled in the original thirteen states prior to the adoption of the Constitution of the United States and/or from related stocks, or to classes of children, the majority of whom are deemed to be so descended'. Its second purpose was to support academic research and the 'dissemination of information, into the 'problem of heredity and eugenics' and 'the problems of race betterment'.(36)
Among the first projects discussed for 1937 was the distribution of two Nazi eugenic propaganda films to 'high schools, colleges, clubs [and] churches'." (37)
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Pioneer Fund aligned itself with the American right fighting Brown v. Board of Education.(38) Draper [link
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/Institut/pioneer/silent.htm] also worked with the House Un-American Activities Committee to prove "that the Negro race is genetically inferior and that American Negroes ought to be 'repatriated' to Africa", and was regarded by several academics as 'a racist of the usual type'.(39)
Ralph Scott [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/archives/mehler/scott.htm] (alias Edward P. Langerton), Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Northern Iowa,"' received over $40,000 from the Pioneer Fund in the mid-1970s. This included a $6,000 grant to test 'Anglo-Saxon' schoolchildren in a study directed by Donald Swan, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. When Swan was arrested in 1966 for mail fraud, authorities found Nazi paraphernalia, swastika flags, weapons, pictures of Swan with members of George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party and hundreds of anti-semitic, anti-black and anti-Catholic pamphlets in his home."
Although Scott is not a geneticist, he also used Pioneer funds to study /22/ 'forced busing and its relationship to genetic aspects of educability',(42) and to organize anti-busing conferences, out of which grew the National Association for Neighbourhood Schools.(43) Scott defended his acceptance of Pioneer funds, even when the organization was exposed as racist.(44)
Eugenicists have successfully legitimated and integrated themselves with the Reagan right. In 1985 Scott was chosen as the chair of the Iowa Advisory Commission on Civil Rights by Clarence Pendelton, Reagan administration appointee to the US Civil Rights Commission.(45) The Pioneer Fund also is currently closely associated with Jesse Heim's [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/Institut/pioneer/helms.htm] multi-million dollar high-tech political machine. The fund's president, Harry F. Weyher, is lead counsel for Fairness in Media (FIM), the group that attempted to take over the CBS television network. Thomas F. Ellis, Helm's political strategist and FIM founder, served as a director of the Pioneer Fund.(46) Despite Roger Pearson's connections through the World Anti-Communist League with people such as Earl Thomas, former American Nazi Party storm trooper, and Giorgio Almirante, former leader of the Italian MSI, who served in Mussolini's government, he has also developed successful relationships with the conservative mainstream. In 1982, he distributed a letter from President Reagan praising Pearson's substantial contribution to 'promoting and upholding' those 'ideals and principles that we value at home and abroad'. In 1984 the Wall Street Journal [link:
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/wall.htm] embarrassed the White House into asking Pearson to stop sending the letter out but it refused to repudiate the letter.(47)
The current focus for many scientists is the IQ question. A recent survey of 661 scholars working on this issue showed that the campaign to legitimate the work of the racist scholars connected to the Pioneer Fund is having a profound effect. The survey revealed that the single most compelling reason convincing scholars of the genetic component to IQ was the recent 'barrage of studies on identical twins reared apart'.(48)
The source of this 'barrage' is Thomas Bouchard's Minnesota Twins Study Project. Although only a few articles on personality and character traits have been published in refereed journals, the Minnesota group has announced 'conclusions' and generated massive publicity about the heritable nature of personality traits. In order for the scientific community to have an opportunity to evaluate the twin study a book-length monograph is needed. Such a monograph was promised by 1987. The twin project is now entering its second decade and a full-length study has still not appeared.(49)
It is possible that Bouchard's survey is methodologically rigorous, but few bodies save the Pioneer Fund would back a study which has not been published in a reputable academic journal. Until such time, 'a decade of media coverage will have made its impression',(50) and ideas generated by right wing eugenicists heralding all end to white civilization might have become acceptable and commonplace.
