(btw, if the heaviness of this RI topic, or others, is getting heavy for people I really, really, recommend The Green Lantern Animated Series (It's on Netflix). It is surprisingly deep in an RI sense, but very hopeful and aesthetically lush. Definitely written for all ages.)

One for All and All for Freud
By Stuart Schneiderman;
Published: November 17, 1991
http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/17/books ... freud.html
THE SECRET RING Freud's Inner Circle and the Politics of Psychoanalysis. By Phyllis Grosskurth. Illustrated. 245 pp. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. $22.95.
WHATEVER its success as theory or therapy, Freudian psychoanalysis has exercised its greatest influence as a cultural movement. Its existence as a profession is inseparable from its place in the surrounding culture; analysts have always had to adhere to a set of beliefs and, at times, to the group that promotes those beliefs. Indeed, the need to maintain group solidarity has too often eclipsed concerns about the coherence of psychoanalysis as theory and the effectiveness of psychoanalysis as therapy.
In "The Secret Ring" Phyllis Grosskurth focuses on the early politics of psychoanalysis. She proposes to tell the story of the "Secret Committee" of seven men, including himself, that Freud organized in 1912 "to maintain the faith and to search out deviance" from his principles. Freud charged Ernest Jones, Karl Abraham, Otto Rank, Sandor Ferenczi, Hanns Sachs and Max Eitingon with preserving his discovery and propagating it around the world. To seal their compact he gave each an ancient ring, thus closing the circle.
Many scholars have observed that the ideological conformity of the first psychoanalysts suggests that the new profession was a secular religion, complete with believers, heretics, traitors and high priests who gathered around one man, the "self-created icon." Ms. Grosskurth alludes to the religious nature of psychoanalysis when she says that "Freud described himself as a man of sorrows" with a cross to bear, and when she discusses his attempt to recruit disciples who would keep the faith, no matter how much they disliked one another.
The story of the creation of a cultural movement would have been engaging and compelling. Regrettably, Ms. Grosskurth -- the author of numerous biographies, including "Havelock Ellis" and "Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work" -- slides past the larger political and social questions to offer an account of the minutiae of the interpersonal relationships among the members of the Secret Committee. Thus a potentially edifying story quickly gets lost in tiresome details. Her attempt to psychoanalyze the founders of psychoanalysis demeans their cultural achievements by making them appear to be based in petty quarrels, childish bickering and sibling rivalry. For instance, Ms. Grosskurth writes that "there seems little doubt that Ferenczi's fervent espousal of lay analysis was in part an attempt to convince Freud that he was his alter ego." In the end, we can't see the forest for the twigs.
THE book allows us to watch a group of self-identified "sons" compete among themselves for the love of a distant, manipulative and highly demanding father figure. For instance, Ms. Grosskurth reports that Jones "was filled with envy toward both Rank and Ferenczi because they were so close to Freud." We see the sons both as a band of brothers who think they are founding a new culture and as a bunch of whiny, preachy, irresponsible children. They vacillate between self-aggrandizement and self-deprecation, always invoking Freudian interpretations to gain insight into their problems, all to little avail. At times the Secret Committee resembles a poorly led psychotherapy group. The more insight they gain, the less they like one another.
When Ms. Grosskurth occasionally joins them in pinning psychoanalytic labels on their behavior, she becomes part of the group. She declares them variously to be manifesting "projective identification," "intense idealization," "self-pity," "post-partum depression" and the usual rounds of envy, anger and guilt. And she does not hesitate to insult them occasionally. She writes, for instance, that Jones's "fantasy of penetrating the inner circle . . . was an illusion, because he would forever be an unattractive little man with his ferret face pressed imploringly against the glass."
Ms. Grosskurth concludes that Freud's committee finally fell apart, in 1927, because it had successfully implanted psychoanalysis around the world. But her narrative does not support this argument. Instead, her book seems to suggest that the group was formed to share in and to cover up the shame of Freud, who had exposed his private matters excessively, particularly through his recitation of his own dreams. Once the shock of Freud's disclosures had worn off and the intimate details began to look trite, the group could only subsist on new embarrassing disclosures about Freud and about themselves. And finally they exposed themselves to one another so much -- they even analyzed one another and allowed Freud to analyze their mistresses -- that it became intolerable for them to stay together. Something similar can be said for a book. Readers may crave a certain amount of scandalous detail, but after a point they will feel more put upon than engaged.
Ms. Grosskurth's interpretation of Freud's personality is flat and reductionistic. At the end of the book she offers an explanation of his troubled "relationships with others, particularly with the members of the Committee." She would have it that Freud suffered in his friendships because he had not received enough "tenderness" from his "stern" mother. Thus "his ability to empathize was frozen," she writes, and he could not understand "gentle love and concern." But the same could be said about many people who did not found a cultural movement. Her explanation reduces an influential figure to banalities.
The author's approach to Freud is defined by object relations theory. One of the more popular offshoots of psychoanalysis, this theory views human behavior as a network of interpersonal relationships patterned on the relationship between mother and infant. Just as Freud tried to turn his life into a demonstration of his theory, so it seems that Ms. Grosskurth is trying to turn Freud's life into a demonstration of her favorite theory. Indeed, in promoting the connection between mother and infant as the core of all human relationships she reflects her wish to establish yet another secular religion, this one based not on the wrathful father and his sons but on the Madonna and child.
From Kirkus Reviews
Aided by previously undisclosed correspondence, Grosskurth (Havelock Ellis, 1980, etc.; Humanities and Psychoanalytic Thought/Univ. of Toronto) takes the story of the brilliant, wildly neurotic men who contrived to safeguard Freudian thought and turns it into an intriguing psychological saga-cum-tragicomedy of manners. The Secret Committee, conceived in 1912 as a united front against the apostasy of Carl Jung and sealed by Freud's bestowal of antique intaglios, became, notes Grosskurth, ``a metaphor for the psychoanalytic movement itself...a cult of personality'' with Freud acting as both ``guru'' and distant, demanding father. Avidly submitting one another (and assorted romantic interests) to frequently scathing and self-justifying formal and informal analyses, Austrians Otto Rank and Hans Sachs, Hungarian Sandor Ferenczi, German Karl Abraham, and Welshman Ernest Jones, joined later by Russian-born German Max Eitingon, functioned as ``surrogate sons'' within a strikingly dysfunctional family--marked by sabotage, manipulation, and ``aggressively infantile'' jostling. Treating her story as a study of group pathology, Grosskurth uses pointed quotes to show how all of her subjects, especially Freud, used jargon as a cover for real feeling. Sadder still was the adored Freud's puzzling lack of support (he refused to be ``burdened'' by the ideas of others) and human empathy (e.g., failing to comprehend the sensitive Ferenczi's sorrow at his mother's death). Inevitably, as Freud predicted in Totem and Taboo, the anointed sons went their own ways, with, ironically, Freud's biological child, Anna, emerging as his staunchest defender. More emotionally involving, though less theoretically acute, than Janet Sayers's study of the overlapping generation of women psychoanalysts (Mothers of Psychoanalysis--reviewed next issue), the work suffers from a curious reticence. Grosskurth avoids some potentially interesting paths (e.g., Freud's gelid relationship with his own sons) and develops her conclusions so carefully that they become anticlimactic. Nevertheless, a worthy stab at piercing the web of ``mythology, gossip, and rumor'' surrounding the early Freudians. -- Copyright ©1991, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
http://www.amazon.com/The-Secret-Ring-P ... 0201090376
From an Amazon customer review:
I really find it interesting that it wasn't Freud's idea to form the "Committee." It was Ernest Jones' suggestion that "a secret committee be formed as a Praetorian guard around Freud" and the "unstated" aim was to monitor Carl Jung and to maintain a watching brief in which they would report to Freud but the main task was to "preserve the purity of psychoanalytic theory." This has occurred in late 1912 when there were "disagreements" between Jung and Freud. Of course, Freud was very enthusiastic about it and was intrigued by the "secret" aspect of this committee. Freud used his own theory as a "loyalty oath" of this committee and any "rejection of any part of the theory meant personal rejection of him" and "anyone whose ideas differed from his own, Freud described as an 'enemy.'" (51, 53).
http://www.amazon.com/The-Secret-Ring-P ... 0201090376
Inevitably, as Freud predicted in Totem and Taboo, the anointed sons went their own ways
