https://trialsitenews.com/scripps-resea ... necessary/Scripps Research announced study results indicating 90 existing drugs or drug candidates possessing antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen behind COVID-19. In what can only be described as a serious drug repurposing initiative, the top San Diego, California-based research institution identified four clinically approved drugs as well as nine compounds in other stages of clinical development with considerable potential to serve as repurposed, oral drugs targeting the coronavirus. In collaboration with the drug discovery division of the institute called Calibr, Scripps Research and a team from the venerable science-based research institute’s Department of Immunology and Microbiology tested over 12,000 drugs in two different types of human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. TrialSite reported on a comparable study conducted by Scripps last year. In that case, Scripps announced that they identified possible COVID-19 repurposed drug candidates using their ActivPred AI Drug Discovery Platform. Now Scripps has been at it again and the promising results of this antiviral drug discovery research were published June 3 in the journal Nature Communications.
TrialSite raises an uncomfortable question here, however: given promising repurposed drug result studies from not only Scripps Research, but also the University of California, San Francisco, and Sanford Burnham Prebys, not to mention mounting evidence for some form of efficacy with repurposed agents, such as Ivermectin (over 50 clinical trials), Famotidine, fluvoxamine, and others,
why didn’t the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in conjunction with COVID-19 fighters within the Department of Health and Human Services as well as the pharmaceutical industry step in and commit to investigating low-cost therapies that could help address 90% of the COVID-19 cases, those early-onset asymptomatic to mild-to-moderate cases that if not treated could progress to more severe stages of the disease? The answer is clearly indicative of an underlying economic incentive system, and reform of the research system to better embrace the war on infectious disease should now be front and center for new leadership. Even Janet Woodcock lately shared in an article in Wired that explains perhaps not enough was done soon enough to explore these early therapies. ...
TrialSite spent the last 1.5 years chronicling promising study after study that could introduce low-cost, generic therapies for COVID-19 yet the U.S. government’s allocation of taxpayer money centered squarely on vaccines and novel therapeutics at the expense of early-onset, oral administrative, antiviral care. Remdesivir received somewhat of a free pass, with lots of public funds and a last-minute changing of endpoints so that the study would be successful. The result? The company was able to generate over $3 billion in the first nine months of the pandemic thanks to this at least partial tee up by Dr. Anthony Fauci and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) as discussed in “Not a Knockout Drug but Knocking it Out of the Ballpark: Gilead Windfall as Remdesivir COVID-19 Sales to Hit $1-$3 Billion in 2020.”
While TrialSite celebrates Scripps Research’s continuous effort to showcase to the world existing possible drug therapies that can target COVID-19, little has been done by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (e.g. NIH, FDA, etc.) nor the biopharmaceutical industry.
As TrialSite as systematically documented, the NIH’s Accelerating COVID-19 Interventions and Vaccines (“ACTIV”) spent billions to support the studies of just a handful of pharmaceutical companies, ignoring for nearly a year promising repurposed drug candidates. Now the NIH initiated ACTIV-6, which includes ivermectin and fluvoxamine but many argue that it’s too little way too late. ...
For example, in addition to TrialSite’s continuous tracking of one ivermectin study after another, by last summer, Scripps had already provided a list of potential targets as did another research group known as Sanford Burnham Prebys, w
hich discovered 21 repurposed drugs that could treat COVID-19 including clofazimine, hanfangchin-a, apilimod, and ONO-5334.Moreover, an elite team assembled by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the university’s Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI)
identified 29 FDA-approved drugs, 12 in clinical trials, and 28 preclinical compounds that represent potential COVID-19 medications.As mentioned already, about 50 ivermectin studies around the world show considerable promise: in fact, the drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is authorized for use by regulatory bodies in a range of countries as diverse as Slovakia, India, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Other drugs with promise targeting COVID-19 include famotidine, fluvoxamine, and niclosamide to name a few that have undergone some trials.
But Kudos to Scripps Research
Despite the low odds of eliciting interest from government and pharmaceutical backers, Scripps continued to contribute important biomedical research to the war on COVID-19. The team leveraged the ReFRAME drug repurposing library, which was established by Calibr (again part of Scripps) in 2018 in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to tackle areas of unmet urgent medical need.
In this study, the scientists treated two different types of laboratory-cultured SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells with each of the 12,000 drugs from ReFRAME. After 24 or 48 hours, they measured the level of viral infection in the cells to determine if the drugs prevented the virus from replicating. In some cases, they applied two drugs at a time to see if the compounds would work together against the virus.
From the thousands of drugs screened, the researchers identified a total of 90 compounds that prevented SARS-CoV-2 from replicating in at least one of the human cell lines. Of those, 13 had the highest potential to be repurposed as COVID-19 therapies, based on their potency, cell line-independent activity or a likely mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and human safety profiles.
Four of the drugs—halofantrine, nelfinavir, simeprevir annd manidipine—are already FDA approved, and nine others are in various stages of the drug development process. ...